Natural
latex is produced from the Hevea Brasiliensis rubber tree. These trees are
found in Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia and Liberia and as such are usually
processed and shipped from these locations. Natural latex is a white liquid
that is produced from these trees and when the latex is delivered to a
processing station is where it is strained and concentrated. The latex has to
be collected before coagulation can occur. The latex is processed by being put
into a centrifuge, stabilizers are added, water is removed and increases the
rubber content of the latex. After this process has been completed it is now
known as latex concentrate and contains 60% rubber.
It becomes a
compound when other raw materials are added to it. These are usually water
based to achieve the desired performance characteristics. Custom latex
compounds are using in a variety of markets, industries and has many uses. It
has unique physical and chemical properties such as elasticity which makes it
even more useful.
There are a
few kinds of compounds:
Precoat -
Compounds based on styrene-butadiene latex, filled or not filled with calcium
carbonate. This is typically used in primers and carpets
Secondary
Backing - Compounds based on styrene-butadiene latex, filled or not filled with
calcium carbonate. This is used in thread of tufted and needle carpets.
Self-gel
Foam - Compounds based on a mixture of natural latex with latex based on
styrene-butadiene, filled or not filled with calcium carbonate. It is necessary
the use of a vulcanizing agent. Engraving accepted without addition of a
gelling agent. When using infrareds the product solidifies. This usually has
great water resistance and superior qualities.
Sodium
Silicofluoride Gel Foam - Compounds based on a mixture of natural latex with
latex based on styrene-butadiene, filled or not filled with inert filler. After
applying a gelling agent and using infra-reds the product solidifies.
Automotive
Compounds - Compounds based on carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex, with
carboxilato, available in various hardnesses, for thermoformables. This is
typically used in mats and other uses in vehicles.
Flame
Retardant and Anti-static Compounds - Flame
retardant latex compounds, compliant with numerous regulations which is
usually used in coatings.
Close to 20
million tonnes were produced over the last year with only 42% of this being
natural - making synthetic compounds far more popular today.
In the paint
and coatings industry latexes have
become more popular since the 1940s and these synthetic latexes use a binder in
water that forms films by fusion of the plastic particles as the water
evaporates. The properties of this such a hardness, flexibility, adhesion,
colour retention and the resistance to other chemicals are highly useful in
this industry.
Other uses
include:
- Household, surgeon and industrial work gloves
- Catheters
- Condoms
- Balloons
- Carpets
- Automotive parts
- Special effects make up
- Body paint
- Clothing
- Shoes
- Toys
- Masks
- Road construction
- Waterproofing
and many
more. There are endless uses for latex compounds today. So much so that there
are probably many products in your home that you didn't even realise used a
latex compound. Latex compounds are
extremely versatile and can be used in almost anything!